diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index b7326c2..ea48da3 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider, Navigate, Outlet } from "react-router-dom"
+import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider, Navigate, Outlet, useLocation } from "react-router-dom"
 import { useState } from "react"
 import { ThemeProvider } from "./components/ThemeProvider"
 import { LanguageProvider } from "./components/LanguageProvider"
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import Reports from "./pages/Reports"
 import Timesheet from "./pages/Timesheet"
 import Logs from "./pages/Logs"
 import NotificationsPage from "./pages/Notifications"
+import RateLimitPage from "./pages/RateLimit"
+import { isRateLimitActive } from "./lib/rateLimit"
 
 const MainLayout = () => {
   const [mobileSidebarOpen, setMobileSidebarOpen] = useState(false)
@@ -46,38 +48,58 @@ const MainLayout = () => {
 };
 
 const RootRedirect = () => {
+  if (isRateLimitActive()) {
+    return <Navigate to="/rate-limit" replace />
+  }
+
   const isAuthenticated = !!localStorage.getItem("accessToken")  
   return isAuthenticated ? <Navigate to="/timesheet" replace /> : <Navigate to="/auth" replace />
 }
 
+const RateLimitGuard = () => {
+  const location = useLocation()
+
+  if (isRateLimitActive() && location.pathname !== "/rate-limit") {
+    return <Navigate to="/rate-limit" replace />
+  }
+
+  return <Outlet />
+}
+
 const router = createBrowserRouter([
   {
-    element: (
-      <WorkspaceProvider>
-        <Outlet />
-      </WorkspaceProvider>
-    ),
+    element: <RateLimitGuard />,
     children: [
-      { path: "/", element: <RootRedirect /> },
-      { path: "/auth", element: <Auth /> },
-      { path: "/terms", element: <Terms /> },
       {
-        element: <MainLayout />,
+        element: (
+          <WorkspaceProvider>
+            <Outlet />
+          </WorkspaceProvider>
+        ),
         children: [
-          { path: "/profile", element: <Profile /> },
-          { path: "/timesheet", element: <Timesheet /> },
-          { path: "/reports", element: <Reports /> },
-          { path: "/notifications", element: <NotificationsPage /> },
-          { path: "/logs", element: <Logs /> },
-          { path: "/tags", element: <Tags /> },
-          { path: "/workspaces", element: <Workspaces /> },
-          { path: "/workspaces/create", element: <CreateWorkspace /> },
-          { path: "/workspaces/:id", element: <WorkspaceDetail /> },
-          { path: "/workspaces/:id/edit", element: <EditWorkspace /> },
-          { path: "/clients", element: <Clients /> },
-          { path: "/projects", element: <Projects /> },
-          { path: "/projects/create", element: <ProjectCreate /> },
-          { path: "/projects/:id/edit", element: <ProjectEdit /> },
+          { path: "/", element: <RootRedirect /> },
+          { path: "/auth", element: <Auth /> },
+          { path: "/terms", element: <Terms /> },
+          { path: "/rate-limit", element: <RateLimitPage /> },
+          {
+            element: <MainLayout />,
+            children: [
+              { path: "/profile", element: <Profile /> },
+              { path: "/timesheet", element: <Timesheet /> },
+              { path: "/reports", element: <Reports /> },
+              { path: "/notifications", element: <NotificationsPage /> },
+              { path: "/logs", element: <Logs /> },
+              { path: "/tags", element: <Tags /> },
+              { path: "/workspaces", element: <Workspaces /> },
+              { path: "/workspaces/create", element: <CreateWorkspace /> },
+              { path: "/workspaces/:id", element: <WorkspaceDetail /> },
+              { path: "/workspaces/:id/edit", element: <EditWorkspace /> },
+              { path: "/clients", element: <Clients /> },
+              { path: "/projects", element: <Projects /> },
+              { path: "/projects/create", element: <ProjectCreate /> },
+              { path: "/projects/:id/edit", element: <ProjectEdit /> },
+            ],
+          },
         ],
       },
     ],
diff --git a/src/api/client.ts b/src/api/client.ts
index 28c2bd7..b769268 100644
--- a/src/api/client.ts
+++ b/src/api/client.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 import { API_BASE_URL } from "../config/constants"
+import {
+  activateRateLimitLock,
+  getRateLimitRemainingSeconds,
+  getStoredRateLimitLock,
+  isRateLimitActive,
+} from "../lib/rateLimit"
 import {
   clearSessionTokens,
   emitSessionChanged,
@@ -8,6 +14,42 @@ import {
 
 let refreshRequest: Promise<string | null> | null = null
 
+export interface ApiErrorMessage {
+  attr?: string | null
+  detail: string
+  code?: string | null
+}
+
+export interface ApiErrorPayload {
+  error?: string
+  status_code?: number
+  messages?: ApiErrorMessage[]
+  code?: string
+  retry_after_seconds?: number | null
+  throttled_until?: string | null
+}
+
+export class ApiError extends Error {
+  status: number
+  error: string
+  messages: ApiErrorMessage[]
+  code: string | null
+  retryAfterSeconds: number | null
+  throttledUntil: string | null
+
+  constructor(status: number, payload: ApiErrorPayload, fallbackMessage: string) {
+    const detailMessage = payload.messages?.[0]?.detail
+    super(detailMessage || payload.error || fallbackMessage)
+    this.name = "ApiError"
+    this.status = status
+    this.error = payload.error || fallbackMessage
+    this.messages = payload.messages || []
+    this.code = payload.code || null
+    this.retryAfterSeconds = payload.retry_after_seconds ?? null
+    this.throttledUntil = payload.throttled_until ?? null
+  }
+}
+
 const cleanBaseUrl = API_BASE_URL.replace(/\/+$/, "")
 
 const buildUrl = (endpoint: string) => {
@@ -52,6 +94,50 @@ const clearSessionAndRedirect = () => {
   }
 }
 
+const toIntOrNull = (value: string | number | null | undefined) => {
+  if (typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return Math.max(0, Math.ceil(value))
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim()) {
+    const parsed = Number.parseInt(value, 10)
+    if (Number.isFinite(parsed)) {
+      return Math.max(0, parsed)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+const redirectToRateLimitPage = () => {
+  if (window.location.pathname !== "/rate-limit") {
+    window.location.replace("/rate-limit")
+  }
+}
+
+const createLockedResponse = () => {
+  const lock = getStoredRateLimitLock()
+  const retryAfterSeconds = getRateLimitRemainingSeconds(lock)
+  const payload = {
+    error: lock?.message || "Too many requests",
+    status_code: 429,
+    messages: [{ detail: lock?.message || "Too many requests" }],
+    code: lock?.code || "throttled",
+    retry_after_seconds: retryAfterSeconds,
+    throttled_until: lock?.throttledUntil || null,
+  }
+
+  return normalizeJsonResponse(
+    new Response(JSON.stringify(payload), {
+      status: 429,
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        "Retry-After": String(retryAfterSeconds),
+      },
+    }),
+  )
+}
+
 const shouldAttemptRefresh = (endpoint: string) => {
   const normalizedEndpoint = endpoint.startsWith("/") ? endpoint : `/${endpoint}`
   return ![
@@ -103,7 +189,34 @@ const refreshAccessToken = async () => {
   return refreshRequest
 }
 
+export const buildApiError = async (response: Response) => {
+  let payload: ApiErrorPayload = {}
+
+  try {
+    payload = await response.clone().json()
+  } catch {
+    payload = {}
+  }
+
+  if (payload.retry_after_seconds == null) {
+    const retryAfter = toIntOrNull(response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    if (retryAfter != null) {
+      payload.retry_after_seconds = retryAfter
+    }
+  }
+
+  const fallbackMessage =
+    response.statusText || (response.status === 429 ? "Too many requests" : "Request failed")
+
+  return new ApiError(response.status, payload, fallbackMessage)
+}
+
 export const authFetch = async (endpoint: string, options: RequestInit = {}, allowRetry = true): Promise<Response> => {
+  if (isRateLimitActive()) {
+    redirectToRateLimitPage()
+    return createLockedResponse()
+  }
+
   const token = getAccessToken()
   const isFormData = options.body instanceof FormData
 
@@ -144,5 +257,24 @@ export const authFetch = async (endpoint: string, options: RequestInit = {}, all
     return response
   }
 
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    const apiError = await buildApiError(response)
+    if (
+      response.status === 429 ||
+      apiError.code === "throttled" ||
+      apiError.retryAfterSeconds != null ||
+      apiError.throttledUntil
+    ) {
+      activateRateLimitLock({
+        status: response.status,
+        code: apiError.code,
+        message: apiError.message,
+        retryAfterSeconds: apiError.retryAfterSeconds,
+        throttledUntil: apiError.throttledUntil,
+      })
+      redirectToRateLimitPage()
+    }
+  }
+
   return normalizeJsonResponse(response)
 }
diff --git a/src/api/users.ts b/src/api/users.ts
index 921101b..6ba91b9 100644
--- a/src/api/users.ts
+++ b/src/api/users.ts
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
-import { authFetch } from './client';
+import { authFetch, buildApiError } from './client';
 
 // --- Auth Endpoints ---
 
-export const loginWithPassword = async (mobile: string, password: string) => {
-  const response = await authFetch('/api/users/login/', {
-    method: 'POST',
-    body: JSON.stringify({ mobile, password })
-  });
-  if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Failed to login with password');
-  return response.json();
-};
+export const loginWithPassword = async (mobile: string, password: string) => {
+  const response = await authFetch('/api/users/login/', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: JSON.stringify({ mobile, password })
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) throw await buildApiError(response);
+  return response.json();
+};
 
-export const sendOtp = async (mobile: string, mode: string) => {
-  const response = await authFetch('/api/users/otp/send/', {
-    method: 'POST',
-    body: JSON.stringify({ mobile, mode })
-  });
-  if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Failed to send OTP');
-  return response.json();
-};
+export const sendOtp = async (mobile: string, mode: string) => {
+  const response = await authFetch('/api/users/otp/send/', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: JSON.stringify({ mobile, mode })
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) throw await buildApiError(response);
+  return response.json();
+};
 
 export const loginWithOtp = async (mobile: string, otp: string) => {
   const response = await authFetch('/api/users/otp/login/', {
     method: 'POST',
     body: JSON.stringify({ mobile, code: otp })
   });
-  if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Failed to login with OTP');
+  if (!response.ok) throw await buildApiError(response);
   return response.json();
 };
 
diff --git a/src/context/NotificationsContext.tsx b/src/context/NotificationsContext.tsx
index e833a72..1d3cee1 100644
--- a/src/context/NotificationsContext.tsx
+++ b/src/context/NotificationsContext.tsx
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import {
 } from "../api/notifications"
 import { useTranslation } from "../hooks/useTranslation"
 import { presentNotification } from "../lib/notificationPresenter"
+import { isRateLimitActive } from "../lib/rateLimit"
 import {
   getAccessToken,
   SESSION_CHANGED_EVENT,
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ export function NotificationsProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
   )
 
   const refreshNotifications = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (!getAccessToken()) {
+    if (!getAccessToken() || isRateLimitActive()) {
       setNotifications([])
       setUnreadCount(0)
       setTotalCount(0)
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ export function NotificationsProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
   }, [markAsSeen, openNotificationTarget, t.notifications])
 
   const connectToStream = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (!getAccessToken()) {
+    if (!getAccessToken() || isRateLimitActive()) {
       closeEventSource()
       setConnectionStatus("idle")
       return
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@ export function NotificationsProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const startNotifications = async () => {
-      if (!getAccessToken()) {
+      if (!getAccessToken() || isRateLimitActive()) {
         closeEventSource()
         setNotifications([])
         setUnreadCount(0)
diff --git a/src/context/WorkspaceContext.tsx b/src/context/WorkspaceContext.tsx
index b1c8b74..809915e 100644
--- a/src/context/WorkspaceContext.tsx
+++ b/src/context/WorkspaceContext.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect, type ReactNode } from "react"
-import { fetchWorkspaces, createWorkspace, type Workspace } from "../api/workspaces"
-import { useTranslation } from "../hooks/useTranslation"
-import { toast } from "sonner"
-import { Button } from "../components/ui/button"
-import { Input } from "../components/ui/input"
+import { fetchWorkspaces, createWorkspace, type Workspace } from "../api/workspaces"
+import { useTranslation } from "../hooks/useTranslation"
+import { isRateLimitActive } from "../lib/rateLimit"
+import { toast } from "sonner"
+import { Button } from "../components/ui/button"
+import { Input } from "../components/ui/input"
 
 interface WorkspaceContextType {
   workspaces: Workspace[]
@@ -31,9 +32,10 @@ export const WorkspaceProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
   const [isCreatingFirst, setIsCreatingFirst] = useState(false)
 
   const isAuthenticated = !!localStorage.getItem("accessToken")
+  const rateLimited = isRateLimitActive()
 
   const refreshWorkspaces = async () => {
-    if (!isAuthenticated) {
+    if (!isAuthenticated || isRateLimitActive()) {
       setIsLoading(false)
       return
     }
@@ -66,13 +68,13 @@ export const WorkspaceProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
   }
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!isAuthenticated) {
+    if (!isAuthenticated || rateLimited) {
       setIsLoading(false)
       return
     }
 
     void refreshWorkspaces()
-  }, [isAuthenticated])
+  }, [isAuthenticated, rateLimited])
 
   const setActiveWorkspace = (workspace: Workspace | null) => {
     setActiveWorkspaceState(workspace)
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ export const WorkspaceProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
   }
 
   // Force workspace creation if authenticated but none exist
-  if (!isLoading && isAuthenticated && workspaces.length === 0) {
+  if (!rateLimited && !isLoading && isAuthenticated && workspaces.length === 0) {
     return (
       <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center bg-slate-50 dark:bg-slate-900 px-4">
         <div className="w-full max-w-md bg-white dark:bg-slate-800 p-8 rounded-xl shadow-lg border border-slate-200 dark:border-slate-700">
diff --git a/src/lib/rateLimit.ts b/src/lib/rateLimit.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bbbafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/rateLimit.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+const STORAGE_KEY = "qlockify:rate-limit-lock"
+
+export interface RateLimitLock {
+  status: number
+  code: string | null
+  message: string
+  retryAfterSeconds: number
+  throttledUntil: string
+  returnTo: string
+}
+
+interface ActivateRateLimitInput {
+  status: number
+  code?: string | null
+  message?: string | null
+  retryAfterSeconds?: number | null
+  throttledUntil?: string | null
+  returnTo?: string | null
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_RETRY_SECONDS = 60
+
+const isBrowser = typeof window !== "undefined"
+
+const getCurrentPath = () => {
+  if (!isBrowser) {
+    return "/"
+  }
+
+  return `${window.location.pathname}${window.location.search}${window.location.hash}`
+}
+
+const parseIsoDate = (value: string | null | undefined) => {
+  if (!value) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const timestamp = Date.parse(value)
+  return Number.isFinite(timestamp) ? timestamp : null
+}
+
+const readStoredLock = (): RateLimitLock | null => {
+  if (!isBrowser) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const raw = window.localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+    if (!raw) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as Partial<RateLimitLock>
+    if (
+      typeof parsed.status !== "number" ||
+      typeof parsed.message !== "string" ||
+      typeof parsed.retryAfterSeconds !== "number" ||
+      typeof parsed.throttledUntil !== "string" ||
+      typeof parsed.returnTo !== "string"
+    ) {
+      window.localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+      return null
+    }
+
+    if (parseIsoDate(parsed.throttledUntil) == null) {
+      window.localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+      return null
+    }
+
+    return {
+      status: parsed.status,
+      code: typeof parsed.code === "string" ? parsed.code : null,
+      message: parsed.message,
+      retryAfterSeconds: parsed.retryAfterSeconds,
+      throttledUntil: parsed.throttledUntil,
+      returnTo: parsed.returnTo,
+    }
+  } catch {
+    window.localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+export const getRateLimitRemainingSeconds = (lock: RateLimitLock | null) => {
+  if (!lock) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  const untilTimestamp = parseIsoDate(lock.throttledUntil)
+  if (untilTimestamp == null) {
+    return 0
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(0, Math.ceil((untilTimestamp - Date.now()) / 1000))
+}
+
+export const getStoredRateLimitLock = () => readStoredLock()
+
+export const isRateLimitActive = () => getRateLimitRemainingSeconds(readStoredLock()) > 0
+
+export const clearRateLimitLock = () => {
+  if (!isBrowser) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  window.localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)
+}
+
+export const activateRateLimitLock = (input: ActivateRateLimitInput) => {
+  if (!isBrowser) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const parsedThrottledUntil = parseIsoDate(input.throttledUntil)
+  const retryFromUntil =
+    parsedThrottledUntil != null
+      ? Math.ceil(Math.max(parsedThrottledUntil - Date.now(), 0) / 1000)
+      : 0
+  const retryAfterSeconds = Math.max(
+    input.retryAfterSeconds ?? retryFromUntil ?? DEFAULT_RETRY_SECONDS,
+    retryFromUntil,
+    0,
+  ) || DEFAULT_RETRY_SECONDS
+
+  const throttledUntil =
+    input.throttledUntil && parsedThrottledUntil != null
+      ? input.throttledUntil
+      : new Date(Date.now() + retryAfterSeconds * 1000).toISOString()
+
+  const returnTo =
+    input.returnTo && input.returnTo !== "/rate-limit" ? input.returnTo : getCurrentPath()
+
+  const lock: RateLimitLock = {
+    status: input.status,
+    code: input.code ?? "throttled",
+    message: input.message || "Too many requests",
+    retryAfterSeconds,
+    throttledUntil,
+    returnTo: returnTo === "/rate-limit" ? "/" : returnTo,
+  }
+
+  window.localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(lock))
+  return lock
+}
diff --git a/src/locales/en.ts b/src/locales/en.ts
index 534af36..a3f9bdc 100644
--- a/src/locales/en.ts
+++ b/src/locales/en.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ export const en = {
       invalidCreds: "Invalid credentials",
       enterOtp: "Please enter the OTP code",
       invalidOtp: "Invalid OTP code"
+    },
+    throttle: {
+      title: "Too many attempts",
+      genericMessage: (time: string) => `Too many requests. Try again in ${time}.`,
+      otpSendMessage: (time: string) => `Too many OTP requests. Try again in ${time}.`,
+      passwordLoginMessage: (time: string) => `Too many password login attempts. Try again in ${time}.`,
+      otpLoginMessage: (time: string) => `Too many OTP login attempts. Try again in ${time}.`,
+      countdownLabel: (time: string) => `Retry in ${time}`,
+      fallback: "Too many requests. Please wait and try again.",
     }
   },
 
@@ -61,6 +70,18 @@ export const en = {
     suffix: ""
   },
 
+  rateLimit: {
+    eyebrow: "Request limit reached",
+    title: "Please wait before trying again",
+    message: "You have sent too many requests. Access is temporarily locked until the cooldown finishes.",
+    cooldownLabel: "Cooldown",
+    waitingMessage: (time: string) => `Requests are blocked for now.`,
+    finishedMessage: "The cooldown has finished. You can continue now.",
+    continue: "Continue",
+    continueCooldown: (time: string) => `Continue in ${time}`,
+    ready: "Ready",
+  },
+
   terms: {
     back: "Back",
     title: "Terms of Service and Privacy Policy",
diff --git a/src/locales/fa.ts b/src/locales/fa.ts
index 4590cf8..85025a6 100644
--- a/src/locales/fa.ts
+++ b/src/locales/fa.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ export const fa = {
       invalidCreds: "اطلاعات ورود نامعتبر است",
       enterOtp: "لطفا کد تایید را وارد کنید",
       invalidOtp: "کد تایید نامعتبر است"
+    },
+    throttle: {
+      title: "تعداد تلاش‌ها بیش از حد مجاز است",
+      genericMessage: (time: string) => `درخواست‌های زیادی ارسال شده است. ${time} دیگر دوباره تلاش کنید.`,
+      otpSendMessage: (time: string) => `ارسال کد یکبار مصرف بیش از حد مجاز انجام شده است. ${time} دیگر دوباره تلاش کنید.`,
+      passwordLoginMessage: (time: string) => `تلاش برای ورود با رمز عبور بیش از حد مجاز بوده است. ${time} دیگر دوباره تلاش کنید.`,
+      otpLoginMessage: (time: string) => `تلاش برای ورود با کد یکبار مصرف بیش از حد مجاز بوده است. ${time} دیگر دوباره تلاش کنید.`,
+      countdownLabel: (time: string) => `تلاش دوباره تا ${time}`,
+      fallback: "درخواست‌های زیادی ارسال شده است. کمی صبر کنید و دوباره تلاش کنید.",
     }
   },
 
@@ -61,6 +70,18 @@ export const fa = {
     suffix: " ما موافقت می‌کنید."
   },
 
+  rateLimit: {
+    eyebrow: "محدودیت درخواست فعال شده است",
+    title: "لطفاً پیش از تلاش دوباره صبر کنید",
+    message: "درخواست‌های زیادی ارسال شده است. دسترسی شما تا پایان زمان انتظار به صورت موقت محدود شده است.",
+    cooldownLabel: "زمان انتظار",
+    waitingMessage: (time: string) => `ارسال درخواست برای مدتی مسدود است.`,
+    finishedMessage: "زمان انتظار به پایان رسیده است. اکنون می‌توانید ادامه دهید.",
+    continue: "ادامه",
+    continueCooldown: (time: string) => `ادامه تا ${time}`,
+    ready: "آماده",
+  },
+
   terms: {
     back: "بازگشت",
     title: "شرایط خدمات و حریم خصوصی",
diff --git a/src/pages/Auth.tsx b/src/pages/Auth.tsx
index ecafb7f..4f1b0af 100644
--- a/src/pages/Auth.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/Auth.tsx
@@ -1,233 +1,397 @@
-import React, { useState } from "react"
-import { useNavigate, Link } from "react-router-dom"
-import { Button } from "../components/ui/button"
-import { Input } from "../components/ui/input"
-import { SettingsMenu } from "../components/SettingsMenu"
-import { ArrowLeft, ArrowRight, Command, Loader2, Eye, EyeOff } from "lucide-react"
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react"
+import { useNavigate, Link } from "react-router-dom"
+import { Button } from "../components/ui/button"
+import { Input } from "../components/ui/input"
+import { SettingsMenu } from "../components/SettingsMenu"
+import { AlertTriangle, ArrowLeft, ArrowRight, Command, Eye, EyeOff, Loader2 } from "lucide-react"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 import { useTranslation } from "../hooks/useTranslation"
-import { loginWithPassword, sendOtp, loginWithOtp } from "../api/users"
+import { loginWithOtp, loginWithPassword, sendOtp } from "../api/users"
+import { ApiError } from "../api/client"
 import { setSessionTokens } from "../lib/session"
-
-type AuthStep = "mobile" | "password" | "otp"
-type AuthMode = "login" | "register"
-
-export default function Auth() {
-  const navigate = useNavigate()
-  const { t, lang } = useTranslation()
-  const isRtl = lang === "fa"
-  
-  const [step, setStep] = useState<AuthStep>("mobile")
-  const [mode, setMode] = useState<AuthMode>("login")
-  const [mobile, setMobile] = useState("")
-  const [password, setPassword] = useState("")
-  const [otpCode, setOtpCode] = useState("")
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
-  const [showPassword, setShowPassword] = useState(false) // Added state for password visibility
-
+
+type AuthStep = "mobile" | "password" | "otp"
+type AuthMode = "login" | "register"
+type CooldownKey = "otpSend" | "passwordLogin" | "otpLogin"
+
+type Cooldowns = Record<CooldownKey, number>
+
+const PERSIAN_DIGITS = ["۰", "۱", "۲", "۳", "۴", "۵", "۶", "۷", "۸", "۹"]
+
+const toPersianDigits = (value: string) =>
+  value.replace(/\d/g, (digit) => PERSIAN_DIGITS[Number.parseInt(digit, 10)] ?? digit)
+
+export default function Auth() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate()
+  const { t, lang } = useTranslation()
+  const isRtl = lang === "fa"
+
+  const [step, setStep] = useState<AuthStep>("mobile")
+  const [mode, setMode] = useState<AuthMode>("login")
+  const [mobile, setMobile] = useState("")
+  const [password, setPassword] = useState("")
+  const [otpCode, setOtpCode] = useState("")
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
+  const [showPassword, setShowPassword] = useState(false)
+  const [cooldowns, setCooldowns] = useState<Cooldowns>({
+    otpSend: 0,
+    passwordLogin: 0,
+    otpLogin: 0,
+  })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!Object.values(cooldowns).some((value) => value > 0)) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const timer = window.setInterval(() => {
+      setCooldowns((current) => ({
+        otpSend: Math.max(0, current.otpSend - 1),
+        passwordLogin: Math.max(0, current.passwordLogin - 1),
+        otpLogin: Math.max(0, current.otpLogin - 1),
+      }))
+    }, 1000)
+
+    return () => window.clearInterval(timer)
+  }, [cooldowns])
+
+  const localizeDigits = (value: string) => (isRtl ? toPersianDigits(value) : value)
+
+  const formatCooldown = (seconds: number) => {
+    const minutes = Math.floor(seconds / 60)
+    const remainingSeconds = seconds % 60
+    const base = minutes > 0
+      ? `${minutes}:${remainingSeconds.toString().padStart(2, "0")}`
+      : `${remainingSeconds}s`
+
+    return localizeDigits(base)
+  }
+
+  const setCooldown = (key: CooldownKey, seconds: number) => {
+    setCooldowns((current) => ({
+      ...current,
+      [key]: Math.max(current[key], seconds),
+    }))
+  }
+
   const handleTokenResponse = (access: string, refresh: string) => {
     setSessionTokens(access, refresh)
     toast.success(t.login.toasts.successLogin)
     navigate("/profile")
   }
-
-  const handleSendOtp = async (selectedMode: AuthMode) => {
-    if (!mobile) return toast.error(t.login.toasts.enterMobile)
-    setLoading(true)
-    
-    try {
-      await sendOtp(mobile, selectedMode)
-      setMode(selectedMode)
-      setStep("otp")
-      toast.success(t.login.toasts.verifySent)
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      toast.error(t.login.toasts.failedOtp)
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(false)
-    }
-  }
-
-  const handlePasswordLogin = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
-    e.preventDefault()
-    if (!mobile || !password) return toast.error(t.login.toasts.fillAll)
-    setLoading(true)
-
-    try {
-      const data = await loginWithPassword(mobile, password)
-      handleTokenResponse(data.access, data.refresh)
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      toast.error(t.login.toasts.invalidCreds)
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(false)
-    }
-  }
-
-  const handleOtpVerify = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
-    e.preventDefault()
-    if (!mobile || !otpCode) return toast.error(t.login.toasts.enterOtp)
-    setLoading(true)
-
-    try {
-      const data = await loginWithOtp(mobile, otpCode)
-      handleTokenResponse(data.access, data.refresh)
-    } catch (err: any) {
-      toast.error(t.login.toasts.invalidOtp)
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(false)
-    }
-  }
-
-  const BackIcon = isRtl ? ArrowRight : ArrowLeft
-
-  return (
-    <div className="container relative min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center grid lg:max-w-none lg:grid-cols-2 lg:px-0 bg-white dark:bg-slate-950 transition-colors">
-      
-      <div className="absolute inset-e-4 top-4 z-50 md:inset-e-8 md:top-8">
-        <SettingsMenu />
-      </div>
-
-      <div className="relative hidden h-full flex-col bg-slate-900 dark:bg-slate-900/50 p-10 text-white lg:flex border-e border-slate-200 dark:border-slate-800">
-        <div className="relative z-20 flex items-center text-lg font-medium gap-2">
-          <Command className="h-6 w-6" />
-          {t.title || "Qlockify"}
-        </div>
-        <div className="relative z-20 mt-auto">
-          <blockquote className="space-y-2">
-            <p className="text-lg">"{t.login.brandingQuote}"</p>
-          </blockquote>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-
-      <div className="p-8 lg:p-8 flex h-screen items-center justify-center">
-        <div className="mx-auto flex w-full flex-col justify-center space-y-6 sm:w-87.5">
-          
-          <div className="flex flex-col space-y-2 text-center text-slate-900 dark:text-slate-50">
-            <div className="flex justify-center lg:hidden mb-4">
-              <Command className="h-8 w-8" />
-            </div>
-            <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight">
-              {step === "mobile" && t.login.welcome(t.title)}
-              {step === "password" && t.login.enterPassword}
-              {step === "otp" && t.login.verifyNumber}
-            </h1>
-            <p className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
-              {step === "mobile" && t.login.enterMobileDesc}
-              {step === "password" && t.login.signInDesc}
-              {step === "otp" && t.login.sentCodeDesc(mobile)}
-            </p>
-          </div>
-
-          <div className="grid gap-6">
-            {step === "mobile" && (
-              <div className="grid gap-4">
-                <Input
-                  id="mobile"
-                  placeholder={t.login.mobilePlaceholder}
-                  type="tel"
-                  dir="ltr"
-                  value={mobile}
-                  onChange={(e) => setMobile(e.target.value)}
-                  maxLength={11}
-                  disabled={loading}
-                  className={`h-11 ${isRtl ? "text-end" : "text-start"}`}
-                />
-                <Button onClick={() => { if (!mobile) return toast.error(t.login.toasts.enterMobile); setStep("password") }} className="w-full h-11">
-                  {t.login.continueWithPassword}
-                </Button>
-
-                <div className="relative">
-                  <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center">
-                    <span className="w-full border-t border-slate-200 dark:border-slate-800" />
-                  </div>
-                  <div className="relative flex justify-center text-xs uppercase">
-                    <span className="bg-white dark:bg-slate-950 px-2 text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400 transition-colors">
-                      {t.login.orContinueWith}
-                    </span>
-                  </div>
-                </div>
-
-                <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4">
-                  <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => handleSendOtp("login")} disabled={loading} className="h-11">
-                    {loading && mode === "login" && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
-                    {t.login.otpLogin}
-                  </Button>
-                  <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => handleSendOtp("register")} disabled={loading} className="h-11">
-                    {loading && mode === "register" && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
-                    {t.login.register}
-                  </Button>
-                </div>
-              </div>
-            )}
-
-            {step === "password" && (
-              <form onSubmit={handlePasswordLogin} autoComplete="off" className="grid gap-4">
-                <div className="relative w-full" dir="ltr">
-                  <Input
-                    id="password"
-                    placeholder={t.login.passwordPlaceholder}
-                    type={showPassword ? "text" : "password"}
-                    autoComplete="new-password"
-                    dir="ltr"
-                    name="some-random-name-to-disable-auto-complete-on-browser"
-                    value={password}
-                    onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
-                    disabled={loading}
-                    className={`h-11 pr-10 ${isRtl ? "text-end" : "text-start"}`}
-                  />
-                  <button
-                    type="button"
-                    tabIndex={-1}
-                    onClick={() => setShowPassword((prev) => !prev)}
-                    className="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 flex items-center pr-3 text-slate-500 hover:text-slate-700 dark:text-slate-400 dark:hover:text-slate-300"
-                  >
-                    {showPassword ? <EyeOff size={18} /> : <Eye size={18} />}
-                  </button>
-                </div>
-                <Button type="submit" className="w-full h-11" disabled={loading}>
-                  {loading && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />} {t.login.signIn}
-                </Button>
-                <Button type="button" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setStep("mobile")} className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
-                  <BackIcon className="me-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t.login.back}
-                </Button>
-              </form>
-            )}
-
-            {step === "otp" && (
-              <form onSubmit={handleOtpVerify} className="grid gap-4">
-                <Input
-                  id="otp"
-                  placeholder={t.login.otpPlaceholder}
-                  type="text"
-                  dir="ltr"
-                  value={otpCode}
-                  onChange={(e) => setOtpCode(e.target.value)}
-                  maxLength={6}
-                  disabled={loading}
-                  className="h-11 text-center tracking-widest text-lg"
-                />
-                <Button type="submit" className="w-full h-11" disabled={loading}>
-                  {loading && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />} {t.login.verifyAndContinue}
-                </Button>
-                <Button type="button" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setStep("mobile")} className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
-                  <BackIcon className="me-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t.login.back}
-                </Button>
-              </form>
-            )}
-          </div>
-
-          <div className="mt-6 text-center text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
-            {t.loginTerms?.prefix}
-            <Link 
-              to="/terms" 
-              className="font-medium text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 dark:text-blue-400 dark:hover:text-blue-300 transition-colors"
-            >
-              {t.loginTerms?.link}
-            </Link>
-            {t.loginTerms?.suffix}
-          </div>
-
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
+
+  const handleThrottleError = (error: unknown, key: CooldownKey) => {
+    if (!(error instanceof ApiError) || error.code !== "throttled") {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    const seconds = Math.max(1, error.retryAfterSeconds ?? 0)
+    const formattedTime = formatCooldown(seconds)
+
+    setCooldown(key, seconds)
+
+    const throttleCopy = t.login.throttle
+    const message =
+      key === "otpSend"
+        ? throttleCopy.otpSendMessage(formattedTime)
+        : key === "passwordLogin"
+          ? throttleCopy.passwordLoginMessage(formattedTime)
+          : throttleCopy.otpLoginMessage(formattedTime)
+
+    toast.error(message, {
+      description: throttleCopy.countdownLabel(formattedTime),
+    })
+
+    return true
+  }
+
+  const handleSendOtp = async (selectedMode: AuthMode) => {
+    if (!mobile) {
+      toast.error(t.login.toasts.enterMobile)
+      return
+    }
+
+    setLoading(true)
+
+    try {
+      await sendOtp(mobile, selectedMode)
+      setCooldowns((current) => ({ ...current, otpSend: 0 }))
+      setMode(selectedMode)
+      setStep("otp")
+      toast.success(t.login.toasts.verifySent)
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!handleThrottleError(error, "otpSend")) {
+        toast.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t.login.toasts.failedOtp)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handlePasswordLogin = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    if (!mobile || !password) {
+      toast.error(t.login.toasts.fillAll)
+      return
+    }
+
+    setLoading(true)
+
+    try {
+      const data = await loginWithPassword(mobile, password)
+      setCooldowns((current) => ({ ...current, passwordLogin: 0 }))
+      handleTokenResponse(data.access, data.refresh)
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!handleThrottleError(error, "passwordLogin")) {
+        toast.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t.login.toasts.invalidCreds)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleOtpVerify = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    if (!mobile || !otpCode) {
+      toast.error(t.login.toasts.enterOtp)
+      return
+    }
+
+    setLoading(true)
+
+    try {
+      const data = await loginWithOtp(mobile, otpCode)
+      setCooldowns((current) => ({ ...current, otpLogin: 0 }))
+      handleTokenResponse(data.access, data.refresh)
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!handleThrottleError(error, "otpLogin")) {
+        toast.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t.login.toasts.invalidOtp)
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const activeCooldownMessage = useMemo(() => {
+    const throttleCopy = t.login.throttle
+
+    if (step === "mobile" && cooldowns.otpSend > 0) {
+      const formatted = formatCooldown(cooldowns.otpSend)
+      return {
+        title: throttleCopy.title,
+        description: throttleCopy.otpSendMessage(formatted),
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (step === "password" && cooldowns.passwordLogin > 0) {
+      const formatted = formatCooldown(cooldowns.passwordLogin)
+      return {
+        title: throttleCopy.title,
+        description: throttleCopy.passwordLoginMessage(formatted),
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (step === "otp" && cooldowns.otpLogin > 0) {
+      const formatted = formatCooldown(cooldowns.otpLogin)
+      return {
+        title: throttleCopy.title,
+        description: throttleCopy.otpLoginMessage(formatted),
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null
+  }, [cooldowns, formatCooldown, step, t.login.throttle])
+
+  const otpCooldownLabel =
+    cooldowns.otpSend > 0 ? t.login.throttle.countdownLabel(formatCooldown(cooldowns.otpSend)) : null
+  const passwordCooldownLabel =
+    cooldowns.passwordLogin > 0
+      ? t.login.throttle.countdownLabel(formatCooldown(cooldowns.passwordLogin))
+      : null
+  const otpLoginCooldownLabel =
+    cooldowns.otpLogin > 0 ? t.login.throttle.countdownLabel(formatCooldown(cooldowns.otpLogin)) : null
+
+  const BackIcon = isRtl ? ArrowRight : ArrowLeft
+
+  return (
+    <div className="container relative min-h-screen flex-col items-center justify-center grid lg:max-w-none lg:grid-cols-2 lg:px-0 bg-white dark:bg-slate-950 transition-colors">
+      <div className="absolute inset-e-4 top-4 z-50 md:inset-e-8 md:top-8">
+        <SettingsMenu />
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="relative hidden h-full flex-col bg-slate-900 dark:bg-slate-900/50 p-10 text-white lg:flex border-e border-slate-200 dark:border-slate-800">
+        <div className="relative z-20 flex items-center text-lg font-medium gap-2">
+          <Command className="h-6 w-6" />
+          {t.title || "Qlockify"}
+        </div>
+        <div className="relative z-20 mt-auto">
+          <blockquote className="space-y-2">
+            <p className="text-lg">"{t.login.brandingQuote}"</p>
+          </blockquote>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="p-8 lg:p-8 flex h-screen items-center justify-center">
+        <div className="mx-auto flex w-full flex-col justify-center space-y-6 sm:w-87.5">
+          <div className="flex flex-col space-y-2 text-center text-slate-900 dark:text-slate-50">
+            <div className="flex justify-center lg:hidden mb-4">
+              <Command className="h-8 w-8" />
+            </div>
+            <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold tracking-tight">
+              {step === "mobile" && t.login.welcome(t.title)}
+              {step === "password" && t.login.enterPassword}
+              {step === "otp" && t.login.verifyNumber}
+            </h1>
+            <p className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
+              {step === "mobile" && t.login.enterMobileDesc}
+              {step === "password" && t.login.signInDesc}
+              {step === "otp" && t.login.sentCodeDesc(mobile)}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+
+          {activeCooldownMessage && (
+            <div className="rounded-2xl border border-amber-200 bg-amber-50 px-4 py-3 text-start text-amber-900 shadow-sm dark:border-amber-900/50 dark:bg-amber-950/40 dark:text-amber-100">
+              <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
+                <AlertTriangle className="mt-0.5 h-4 w-4 shrink-0" />
+                <div className="space-y-1">
+                  <p className="text-sm font-medium">{activeCooldownMessage.title}</p>
+                  <p className="text-sm">{activeCooldownMessage.description}</p>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          <div className="grid gap-6">
+            {step === "mobile" && (
+              <div className="grid gap-4">
+                <Input
+                  id="mobile"
+                  placeholder={t.login.mobilePlaceholder}
+                  type="tel"
+                  dir="ltr"
+                  value={mobile}
+                  onChange={(e) => setMobile(e.target.value)}
+                  maxLength={11}
+                  disabled={loading}
+                  className={`h-11 ${isRtl ? "text-end" : "text-start"}`}
+                />
+                <Button
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    if (!mobile) {
+                      toast.error(t.login.toasts.enterMobile)
+                      return
+                    }
+                    setStep("password")
+                  }}
+                  className="w-full h-11"
+                >
+                  {t.login.continueWithPassword}
+                </Button>
+
+                <div className="relative">
+                  <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center">
+                    <span className="w-full border-t border-slate-200 dark:border-slate-800" />
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="relative flex justify-center text-xs uppercase">
+                    <span className="bg-white dark:bg-slate-950 px-2 text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400 transition-colors">
+                      {t.login.orContinueWith}
+                    </span>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4">
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    onClick={() => handleSendOtp("login")}
+                    disabled={loading || cooldowns.otpSend > 0}
+                    className="h-11"
+                  >
+                    {loading && mode === "login" && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
+                    {cooldowns.otpSend > 0 ? otpCooldownLabel : t.login.otpLogin}
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    onClick={() => handleSendOtp("register")}
+                    disabled={loading || cooldowns.otpSend > 0}
+                    className="h-11"
+                  >
+                    {loading && mode === "register" && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
+                    {cooldowns.otpSend > 0 ? otpCooldownLabel : t.login.register}
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {step === "password" && (
+              <form onSubmit={handlePasswordLogin} autoComplete="off" className="grid gap-4">
+                <div className="relative w-full" dir="ltr">
+                  <Input
+                    id="password"
+                    placeholder={t.login.passwordPlaceholder}
+                    type={showPassword ? "text" : "password"}
+                    autoComplete="new-password"
+                    dir="ltr"
+                    name="some-random-name-to-disable-auto-complete-on-browser"
+                    value={password}
+                    onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
+                    disabled={loading}
+                    className={`h-11 pr-10 ${isRtl ? "text-end" : "text-start"}`}
+                  />
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    tabIndex={-1}
+                    onClick={() => setShowPassword((prev) => !prev)}
+                    className="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 flex cursor-pointer items-center pr-3 text-slate-500 hover:text-slate-700 dark:text-slate-400 dark:hover:text-slate-300"
+                  >
+                    {showPassword ? <EyeOff size={18} /> : <Eye size={18} />}
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+                <Button type="submit" className="w-full h-11" disabled={loading || cooldowns.passwordLogin > 0}>
+                  {loading && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
+                  {passwordCooldownLabel || t.login.signIn}
+                </Button>
+                <Button type="button" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setStep("mobile")} className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
+                  <BackIcon className="me-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t.login.back}
+                </Button>
+              </form>
+            )}
+
+            {step === "otp" && (
+              <form onSubmit={handleOtpVerify} className="grid gap-4">
+                <Input
+                  id="otp"
+                  placeholder={t.login.otpPlaceholder}
+                  type="text"
+                  dir="ltr"
+                  value={otpCode}
+                  onChange={(e) => setOtpCode(e.target.value)}
+                  maxLength={6}
+                  disabled={loading}
+                  className="h-11 text-center tracking-widest text-lg"
+                />
+                <Button type="submit" className="w-full h-11" disabled={loading || cooldowns.otpLogin > 0}>
+                  {loading && <Loader2 className="me-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
+                  {otpLoginCooldownLabel || t.login.verifyAndContinue}
+                </Button>
+                <Button type="button" variant="ghost" onClick={() => setStep("mobile")} className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
+                  <BackIcon className="me-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t.login.back}
+                </Button>
+              </form>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="mt-6 text-center text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
+            {t.loginTerms?.prefix}
+            <Link
+              to="/terms"
+              className="font-medium text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 dark:text-blue-400 dark:hover:text-blue-300 transition-colors"
+            >
+              {t.loginTerms?.link}
+            </Link>
+            {t.loginTerms?.suffix}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/pages/RateLimit.tsx b/src/pages/RateLimit.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c536c98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pages/RateLimit.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react"
+import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom"
+import { AlertTriangle, Clock3 } from "lucide-react"
+import { Button } from "../components/ui/button"
+import { useTranslation } from "../hooks/useTranslation"
+import {
+  clearRateLimitLock,
+  getRateLimitRemainingSeconds,
+  getStoredRateLimitLock,
+} from "../lib/rateLimit"
+
+const PERSIAN_DIGITS = ["۰", "۱", "۲", "۳", "۴", "۵", "۶", "۷", "۸", "۹"]
+
+const toPersianDigits = (value: string) =>
+  value.replace(/\d/g, (digit) => PERSIAN_DIGITS[Number.parseInt(digit, 10)] ?? digit)
+
+export default function RateLimitPage() {
+  const navigate = useNavigate()
+  const { t, lang } = useTranslation()
+  const isRtl = lang === "fa"
+
+  const initialLock = getStoredRateLimitLock()
+  const [returnTo] = useState(initialLock?.returnTo || "/")
+  const [status] = useState(initialLock?.status ?? 429)
+  const [message] = useState(initialLock?.message || t.rateLimit.message)
+  const [remainingSeconds, setRemainingSeconds] = useState(getRateLimitRemainingSeconds(initialLock))
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!initialLock) {
+      navigate(returnTo, { replace: true })
+      return
+    }
+
+    const timer = window.setInterval(() => {
+      const currentLock = getStoredRateLimitLock()
+      setRemainingSeconds(getRateLimitRemainingSeconds(currentLock))
+    }, 1000)
+
+    return () => window.clearInterval(timer)
+  }, [initialLock, navigate, returnTo])
+
+  const localizedDigits = (value: string) => (isRtl ? toPersianDigits(value) : value)
+
+  const countdown = useMemo(() => {
+    const minutes = Math.floor(remainingSeconds / 60)
+    const seconds = remainingSeconds % 60
+    const base =
+      minutes > 0
+        ? `${minutes}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, "0")}`
+        : `${seconds}s`
+
+    return localizedDigits(base)
+  }, [isRtl, remainingSeconds])
+
+  const handleContinue = () => {
+    clearRateLimitLock()
+    navigate(returnTo, { replace: true })
+  }
+
+  const isCoolingDown = remainingSeconds > 0
+
+  return (
+    <div className="min-h-screen bg-slate-50 px-4 py-10 text-slate-900 dark:bg-slate-950 dark:text-slate-100">
+      <div className="mx-auto flex min-h-[calc(100vh-5rem)] max-w-2xl items-center justify-center">
+        <div className="w-full rounded-3xl border border-slate-200 bg-white p-8 shadow-sm dark:border-slate-800 dark:bg-slate-900 sm:p-10">
+          <div className="mb-6 flex items-center justify-center">
+            <div className="flex h-16 w-16 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl bg-amber-100 text-amber-700 dark:bg-amber-950/50 dark:text-amber-300">
+              <AlertTriangle className="h-8 w-8" />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="space-y-4 text-center">
+            <p className="text-sm font-medium uppercase tracking-[0.3em] text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-300">
+              {t.rateLimit.eyebrow}
+            </p>
+            <h1 className="text-3xl font-semibold tracking-tight">
+              {t.rateLimit.title}
+            </h1>
+            <p className="text-sm text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400 sm:text-base">
+              {t.rateLimit.message}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="mt-8 grid gap-4">
+            <div className="rounded-2xl border border-slate-200 bg-slate-50 p-5 text-start dark:border-slate-800 dark:bg-slate-950/60">
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-slate-500 dark:text-slate-400">
+                <Clock3 className="h-4 w-4" />
+                <p className="text-xs font-medium uppercase tracking-[0.2em]">
+                  {t.rateLimit.cooldownLabel}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+              <p className="mt-2 text-2xl font-semibold">
+                {isCoolingDown ? countdown : t.rateLimit.ready}
+              </p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="mt-8 rounded-2xl border border-dashed border-slate-200 bg-slate-50/70 p-4 text-sm text-slate-600 dark:border-slate-800 dark:bg-slate-950/50 dark:text-slate-300">
+            {isCoolingDown ? t.rateLimit.waitingMessage(countdown) : t.rateLimit.finishedMessage}
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="mt-8 flex justify-center">
+            <Button
+              onClick={handleContinue}
+              disabled={isCoolingDown}
+              className="h-11 min-w-52"
+            >
+              {isCoolingDown ? t.rateLimit.continueCooldown(countdown) : t.rateLimit.continue}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}